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The effects of codeine on human aggressive responding.

R Spiga1, D R Cherek, J D Roache

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical Schoo, Houston.

International Clinical Psychopharmacology
|July 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Codeine increased aggressive behavior in healthy males at a 50 mg/70 kg dose, particularly in those with lower baseline hostility. Higher doses did not produce significant effects on aggression.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Opioid analgesics like codeine can influence mood and behavior.
  • Understanding the behavioral effects of codeine is crucial for its clinical application and abuse potential assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of codeine on aggressive responding in healthy males.
  • To examine the relationship between baseline hostility and codeine-induced aggression.

Main Methods:

  • Ten healthy males participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled laboratory study.
  • Subjects received placebo, 25, 50, or 75 mg/70 kg codeine and could choose between non-aggressive (point-earning) or aggressive (point-deducting from a partner) responses.
  • The Buss-Durkee Hostility Scale was used to assess baseline hostility.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Codeine did not significantly affect non-aggressive, monetarily reinforced responding.
  • A significant increase in aggressive responding was observed at the 50 mg/70 kg codeine dose.
  • Baseline hostility, measured by the Buss-Durkee Hostility Scale, positively correlated with aggressive responses during placebo sessions.
  • The 50 mg/70 kg dose increased aggression in subjects with lower baseline hostility more than in those with higher hostility.
  • Aggressive responding was unaffected by the 75 mg/70 kg codeine dose.

Conclusions:

  • Codeine, at a 50 mg/70 kg dose, can enhance aggressive behavior in healthy males.
  • Individual differences in hostility may modulate the aggressive effects of codeine.
  • Higher codeine doses (75 mg/70 kg) did not show significant effects on aggression in this study.