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Related Concept Videos

Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition01:27

Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition

Parenteral Nutrition (PN) delivers essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. It is commonly used for individuals with severe digestive disorders or conditions that prevent normal nutrient absorption.
PN can be administered through two primary routes:
1. Central Parenteral Nutrition (CPN):
CPN involves delivering a high concentration of nutrients through a large vein. This is typically achieved using a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) or,...
Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices01:28

Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices

Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
Enteral Nutrition II: Nasointestinal and Gastrostomy Feeding01:15

Enteral Nutrition II: Nasointestinal and Gastrostomy Feeding

Enteral nutrition encompasses various methods of delivering nutrition directly to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, bypassing traditional oral intake. It is particularly beneficial for patients who cannot eat by mouth but have a functioning digestive system. Key methods include nasointestinal feeding, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy, each suited to different clinical scenarios based on the patient's needs and condition.
Nasointestinal Feeding
Nasointestinal feeding involves placing a tube through...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.

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Parenteral nutrition compatibility and stability: A comprehensive review.

JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition·2021
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Importance of public-private partnerships for nutrition support research: An ASPEN Position Paper.

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Recommendations for photoprotection of parenteral nutrition for premature infants: An ASPEN position paper.

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Parenteral Nutrition Prescribing and Order Review Safety Study: The Need for Pharmacist Intervention.

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Multicenter Prospective Evaluation of Parenteral Nutrition Preparation Time and Resource Utilization: 3-Chamber Bags Compared With Hospital Pharmacy-Compounded Bags.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
04:53

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

Safety surrounding parenteral nutrition systems.

Gordon S Sacks1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA. gss0005@auburn.edu

JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
|February 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Parenteral nutrition (PN) errors can cause serious harm. This study documented the nature and severity of harm from medication errors in the PN process, highlighting critical safety concerns.

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Pharmacy
  • Patient Safety
  • Medication Errors

Background:

  • Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a complex medication therapy used for decades in clinical settings.
  • Despite its widespread use, PN administration is associated with significant adverse events, including morbidity and mortality.
  • Existing literature on PN-related errors is limited, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To formally document the nature and severity of harm resulting from medication errors during the parenteral nutrition process.
  • To identify critical points in the PN process where errors commonly occur.
  • To provide data for improving PN safety protocols.

Main Methods:

  • A formal study was conducted to analyze medication errors within the PN process.

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Published on: July 13, 2019

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A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
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Published on: July 13, 2019

  • Data collection focused on documenting the types of errors and their resulting harm.
  • The study encompassed prescribing, transcription, preparation, and administration stages of PN.

    • Main Results:

    • Medication errors in PN administration lead to serious patient harm.
    • The study identified multiple potential points for errors throughout the PN lifecycle.
    • Specific data on the nature and severity of harm from PN errors were collected.

    Conclusions:

    • Medication errors in parenteral nutrition pose a significant risk to patient safety.
    • Understanding the specific types and severity of harm is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
    • Further research and improved safety measures are needed to mitigate PN-related adverse events.