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The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...

Microbiome of the Eye

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The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair

The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
The typical wound exudate is odorless, transparent, straw-colored, thin, and watery. Exudate, however, can differ depending on the state of wound healing. Likewise, the exudate's...

Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Implantation and Evaluation of Melanoma in the Murine Choroid via Optical Coherence Tomography

Implantation and Evaluation of Melanoma in the Murine Choroid via Optical Coherence Tomography

Published on: December 2, 2022

Uveal melanoma: the inflammatory microenvironment.

Inge H G Bronkhorst¹, Martine J Jager

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. I.H.G.Bronkhorst@lumc.nl

Journal of Innate Immunity

|February 4, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Inflammation drives uveal melanoma progression. Macrophages and T cells infiltrate tumors, worsening prognosis, and aiding tumor growth and blood vessel formation.

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Implantation and Evaluation of Melanoma in the Murine Choroid via Optical Coherence Tomography

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Published on: December 2, 2022

Assessing Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis Doorway-Mediated Vascular Permeability Associated with Cancer Cell Dissemination using Intravital Imaging and Fixed Tissue Analysis

Assessing Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis Doorway-Mediated Vascular Permeability Associated with Cancer Cell Dissemination using Intravital Imaging and Fixed Tissue Analysis

Published on: June 26, 2019

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Oncology
Immunology

Background:

Uveal melanoma is a malignant intraocular tumor.
Inflammation, particularly macrophage and T cell infiltration, is linked to poor prognosis.
Macrophages in uveal melanoma exhibit an M2-like phenotype and are associated with monosomy 3.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of the local inflammatory microenvironment in uveal melanoma development and progression.
To highlight the plasticity and function of macrophages in this malignancy.
To discuss key players including macrophages, T lymphocytes, chemokines, and cytokines.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on the immunopathology of uveal melanoma.
Analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying myeloid cell populations.
Examination of the relationship between inflammation and tumor growth.

Main Results:

Tumor-associated macrophages and T cells correlate with poor outcomes.
Tumor-derived macrophage-attraction molecules promote myeloid cell expansion.
These myeloid cells contribute to immune suppression and angiogenesis.

Conclusions:

The inflammatory microenvironment is crucial for uveal melanoma progression.
Understanding myeloid cell populations offers therapeutic targets.
Further research into the molecular basis of these cells can improve uveal melanoma treatment.