Related Concept Videos
01:25Cell Signaling in Plants
Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
02:00Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light
Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.
02:45Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses
The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
01:56Plant Hormones
Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.
01:56Plant Hormones
Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.
02:12Short-distance Transport of Resources
Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
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Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 25, 2026
10:10
Investigating Tissue- and Organ-specific Phytochrome Responses using FACS-assisted Cell-type Specific Expression Profiling in Arabidopsis thaliana
Published on: May 29, 2010
Phytochrome signaling mechanisms.
The Arabidopsis Book
|February 4, 2012
Summary
Phytochromes are plant photoreceptors that sense red and far-red light, controlling growth and development. They activate in light, move to the nucleus, and regulate gene expression by interacting with other proteins.
Area of Science:
- Plant Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Photochemistry
Background:
- Phytochromes are key photoreceptors mediating plant responses to red (R) and far-red (FR) light.
- Arabidopsis thaliana possesses five phytochromes (phyA-phyE) with distinct light sensitivities and functions.
- phyA is FR-light specific and light-labile, while phyB is R-light specific and light-stable, regulating de-etiolation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of phytochrome action in plants.
- To detail the light-dependent activation, nuclear import, and signaling pathways of phytochromes.
- To understand how phytochromes regulate gene expression and plant development.
Main Methods:
- The abstract describes known mechanisms rather than presenting new experimental methods.
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07:55Luciferase Complementation Imaging Assay in Nicotiana benthamiana Leaves for Transiently Determining Protein-protein Interaction Dynamics
Published on: November 20, 2017
14:13Atomic Force Microscopy of Red-Light Photoreceptors Using PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Property Mapping
Published on: October 24, 2014
Main Results:
- Phytochromes convert from inactive Pr to active Pfr form upon light absorption.
- Active phytochromes translocate to the nucleus, with phyA requiring FHY1/FHL and phyB translocating independently.
- Phytochromes regulate gene expression by inhibiting COP1 and promoting PIF degradation, thus promoting photomorphogenesis.
Conclusions:
- Phytochromes are crucial regulators of plant photomorphogenesis, integrating light signals into developmental responses.
- Their function involves complex protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination.
- Understanding phytochrome signaling is vital for comprehending plant adaptation to light environments.