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Related Concept Videos

Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
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Lethal Alleles

Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Operating and Biocontainment Procedures of a Facility for Laboratory Mice with a Natural Microbiome: Immunophenotyping Procedure
05:34

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Published on: December 13, 2024

Dark matter: are mice the solution to missing heritability?

Clarissa C Parker1, Abraham A Palmer

  • 1Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA.

Frontiers in Genetics
|February 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in humans often miss heritable traits due to rare variants and complex interactions. Mouse models, particularly advanced intercross lines, offer higher resolution mapping to address this "missing heritability" challenge.

Keywords:
GWASadvanced intercross linescomplex traitsforward geneticsheterogeneous stockoutbred micequantitative trait lociwild mice

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Genomics
  • Animal Models

Background:

  • Human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identify single nucleotide polymorphisms for complex traits but explain limited heritable variation.
  • The "missing heritability" problem is attributed to rare variants, structural variations, gene interactions, small sample sizes, and environmental/epigenetic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the utility of mouse models in overcoming limitations of human GWAS.
  • To compare different mouse populations for high-resolution genetic mapping of complex traits.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on human GWAS and mouse genetic mapping populations.
  • Discussion of advanced mouse populations like heterogeneous stocks and outbred mice.
  • Analysis of linkage disequilibrium breakdown in various mouse models.

Main Results:

  • Mouse GWAS can be performed cost-effectively due to technological advancements.
  • Advanced mouse populations offer rapid linkage disequilibrium breakdown for high-resolution mapping.
  • Certain mouse populations may avoid the issue of rare alleles present in human studies.

Conclusions:

  • Mouse models are powerful, complementary tools for dissecting the genetic architecture of complex traits.
  • Advanced mouse populations present a promising strategy to address the "missing heritability" in human genetic studies.
  • Further research utilizing these mouse models can enhance our understanding of trait heritability.