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Related Concept Videos

Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.

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Transient Transduction of the Strobilated Forms of Echinococcus granulosus
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Molecular evolution of the non-coding eosinophil granule ontogeny transcript.

Dominic Rose1, Peter F Stadler

  • 1Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany.

Frontiers in Genetics
|February 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study traces the evolutionary history of the eosinophil granule ontogeny transcript (EGOT), a type of non-coding RNA. Researchers found conserved RNA structures and regulatory elements within the EGOT locus, suggesting novel functions.

Keywords:
EGOEGO-AEGO-BEGOTevolutionlncRNAlong non-coding RNAmlncRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic genomes produce abundant long, non-coding transcripts (mlncRNAs).
  • The evolutionary history of mlncRNAs, including totally intronic non-coding transcripts (TINs), remains largely unexplored.
  • The eosinophil granule ontogeny transcript (EGOT) is an example of a TIN, located antisense to an ITPR1 intron.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary history and conservation of the EGOT gene and its locus.
  • To identify potential functional roles of conserved elements within the EGOT locus.
  • To explore the evolutionary origins of mlncRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Computational identification of EGOT orthologs across 32 amniote species.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of the EGOT gene.
  • Analysis of sequence conservation, gene structure, and RNA secondary structures.
  • Identification of conserved regulatory elements, including a TATA-like box.

Main Results:

  • Putative EGOT orthologs were identified in diverse amniotes, suggesting ancient origins.
  • The spliced EGOT isoform (EGO-B) appears conserved across placental mammals and possibly earlier.
  • The EGOT locus exhibits significant structural conservation, featuring stable secondary RNA structures.
  • A highly conserved intronic region contains a novel ITPR1 exon and a putative promoter element.

Conclusions:

  • The EGOT locus is evolutionarily conserved and structurally complex.
  • Conserved RNA secondary structures and regulatory elements suggest novel functional roles for the EGOT locus.
  • EGOT and similar TINs may represent an ancient layer of gene regulation.