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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...

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Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation
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Gene expression: sizing it all up.

Jenna Lynn Woody1, Randy C Shoemaker

  • 1Interdepartmental Genetics, Iowa State University Ames, IA, USA.

Frontiers in Genetics
|February 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene expression is linked to genomic architecture, including physical attributes like intron and exon size. Expression breadth and level interact with these genomic features, revealing complex size-related patterns.

Keywords:
evolutionexpression breadthexpression levelselection

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Genomic architecture, encompassing chromatin domains and epigenetic modifications, influences gene expression.
  • Physical attributes of genes and genomes, such as intron/exon size and intergenic region length, are increasingly recognized as important factors in gene expression regulation.
  • Previous studies indicated an inverse relationship between gene expression levels/breadth and genomic physical parameters, though results were sometimes contradictory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between genomic physical parameters and gene expression patterns.
  • To investigate how gene expression level and breadth interact with genomic architecture.
  • To examine proposed models explaining these complex relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression data in conjunction with genomic physical parameters.
  • Comparative studies across different organisms.
  • Investigating the combined effects of expression level and expression breadth on genomic feature sizes.

Main Results:

  • Gene expression patterns, including tissue-specific vs. constitutive and high vs. low expression, correlate with physical attributes of genes and genomes.
  • An inverse relationship exists between expression levels/breadth and intron size, exon size, intron number, and intergenic region size.
  • A novel relationship emerged when expression level and breadth were analyzed together: at low expression levels, increased breadth correlated with larger genomic regions, while at high expression levels, increased breadth correlated with smaller gene sizes.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic architecture and physical attributes play a significant, though underexplored, role in regulating gene expression.
  • The interplay between expression level and breadth reveals complex, context-dependent associations with genomic sizes.
  • Further research into these hypotheses can elucidate fundamental mechanisms of gene regulation.