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Frictional Forces on Screws

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Screws are characterized by a helical ridge known as a thread wrapped around a cylindrical shaft. They are commonly used as fasteners to hold objects together or to transmit power and motion in machines. One type of screw that is particularly useful for transmitting power is the square-threaded screw.
A jack with a square-threaded screw is a mechanical device used to lift heavy loads by applying a force at its handle. When the force is applied, the screw turns, raising the load. The screw can...

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Interference screw fixation using bioabsorbable screw as void filler.

Robert Fullick¹, Brent Parks, Richard Hinton

¹Department of Orthopaedics, Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.

The Journal of Knee Surgery

|February 7, 2012

Summary

Bioabsorbable screws can fill voids in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction tunnels. Up to 25% of the screw diameter can be removed without compromising fixation strength, but 50% removal significantly weakens the construct.

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic surgery
Biomaterials science
Biomechanics

Background:

Reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) often involves drilling tunnels in bone.
Previous tunnels can create voids that complicate fixation of new grafts.
Bioabsorbable screws are used in orthopedic fixation and may serve as void fillers.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the mechanical stability of interference screw fixation when bioabsorbable screws are used as void fillers.
To determine the effect of different percentages of bioabsorbable screw removal on fixation strength in a simulated plug-tunnel construct.

Main Methods:

A simulated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction model was created using foam blocks with 9-mm tunnels.
Tunnels were filled with 10-mm bioabsorbable screws, with 10%, 25%, or 50% of the screw diameter removed by a revision tunnel.
Synthetic bone plugs were secured using standard interference fixation with a metal screw, and failure loads were measured.

Main Results:

Failure loads for the 10% (1024 N) and 25% (932 N) removal groups were not significantly different from the control (926 N).
The 50% removal group exhibited a significantly lower failure load (780 N) compared to all other groups (p < 0.001).
Bioabsorbable screws as void fillers maintained fixation strength when up to 25% of their diameter was removed.

Conclusions:

Interference screw fixation using bioabsorbable screws as void fillers is mechanically sound when up to 25% of the screw diameter is removed.
Significant reduction in fixation strength occurs when 50% of the bioabsorbable screw diameter is compromised.
This technique may be applicable for managing previous tunnel voids in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.