Ewing sarcoma: biology-based therapeutic perspectives

Ewing sarcoma, a rare malignancy of childhood and adolescence, has attracted wide research interest. Tumor-specific chromosomal translocations generate aberrant EWS-ETS transcription factors, which alter intracellular signaling networks through gene and protein expression and are considered to be the primary tumor-initiating event. Ewing sarcoma therefore offers insights into principle molecular mechanisms of cancer development and maintenance. Still, despite long-standing research, biology-based targeted treatment strategies for Ewing sarcoma are only beginning to emerge. This article provides an overview of the biological basis and putative targeted treatment options.