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Efficient Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Benzenes in Water via Persulfate-promoted Benzannulation of α,β-Unsaturated Compounds and Alkynes
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Proposal on limits for chemical exposure in saturation divers' working atmosphere: the case of benzene

Rune Djurhuus1, Vibeke Nossum, Steinar Øvrebø

  • 1Norwegian Underwater Intervention AS (NUI AS), Bergen, Norway. rdj@nui.no

Critical Reviews in Toxicology
|February 7, 2012
PubMed

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In 1865, August Kekule suggested the structure of benzene according to the structural theory of organic chemistry based on the three assertions—formula of benzene is C6H6, all the hydrogens of benzene are equivalent, and each carbon must have four bonds due to its tetravalency.
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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...