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Updated: May 25, 2026
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A MRI-Based Toolbox for Neurosurgical Planning in Nonhuman Primates
Published on: July 17, 2020
Three-dimensional anatomical accuracy of cranial models created by rapid prototyping techniques validated using a
Vicknes Waran1, P Devaraj, T Hari Chandran
1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. cmvwaran@gmail.com
Summary
Surgical navigation training models are lacking. This study developed accurate cranial models using rapid prototyping for teaching surgeons to use navigation systems, successfully validating them with existing technology.
Area of Science:
- Neurosurgery
- Medical Education
- Surgical Navigation
Background:
- Computerized navigation systems are increasingly used in neurosurgery and ENT surgery.
- A lack of suitable training models hinders surgeon proficiency with these advanced systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate accurate, reproducible spatial models for training surgeons in computerized navigation systems.
Main Methods:
- Utilized an industrial rapid prototyping process to create anatomical models.
- Models accurately reproduced cranial structures and pathology.
- Registered, validated, and navigated using the models with a Medtronic StealthStation S7® system.
Main Results:
- Developed accurate spatial models of the cranium and its contents.
- Successfully registered, validated, and navigated using these models.
- Demonstrated the models' utility with a common surgical navigation system.
Conclusions:
- Rapid prototyping offers a viable method for producing accurate surgical training models.
- These models can enhance surgeon training for computerized navigation systems in neurosurgery and ENT procedures.
