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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...

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Bioengineering of Humanized Bone Marrow Microenvironments in Mouse and Their Visualization by Live Imaging
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Do microRNAs regulate bone marrow stem cell niche physiology?

S K Laine1, T Hentunen, T Laitala-Leinonen

  • 1Skeletal Biology Consortium, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. salla.laine@utu.fi

Gene
|February 7, 2012
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Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of bone marrow stem cell maintenance and differentiation. This review explores miRNA

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Area of Science:

  • * Stem cell biology and molecular regulation.
  • * Hematology and regenerative medicine.
  • * Epigenetics and non-coding RNA research.

Background:

  • * Adult bone marrow contains hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), and endothelial progenitor/stem cells (EPCs).
  • * These stem cell populations are vital for tissue homeostasis and possess self-renewal and differentiation capabilities.
  • * MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly recognized as key regulators in stem cell biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review current knowledge on miRNA-mediated regulation of bone marrow stem/progenitor cell maintenance.
  • * To discuss the role of miRNAs in the differentiation processes of HSCs, MSCs, and EPCs.
  • * To explore the potential involvement of miRNAs within bone marrow stem cell niches.

Main Methods:

  • * Comprehensive literature review of studies investigating miRNAs and bone marrow stem cells.
  • * Analysis of existing research on miRNA biogenesis, function, and targets in stem cell contexts.
  • * Synthesis of findings related to miRNA involvement in stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and niche interactions.

Main Results:

  • * miRNAs play a significant role in orchestrating the proliferation and differentiation of HSCs, MSCs, and EPCs.
  • * Specific miRNAs have been identified that promote or inhibit stem cell self-renewal and lineage commitment.
  • * miRNAs are implicated in maintaining the unique microenvironment of the bone marrow stem cell niche.

Conclusions:

  • * miRNAs are essential regulators of bone marrow stem cell function, impacting both maintenance and differentiation.
  • * Understanding miRNA-bone marrow stem cell interactions offers potential therapeutic targets for hematological disorders and regenerative medicine.
  • * Further research into miRNA functions within stem cell niches is warranted to fully elucidate their contribution to bone marrow homeostasis.