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Giant cell arteritis.

K Phanthumchinda¹

¹Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet Thangphaet

|June 1, 1990

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Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a rare condition that can cause severe headaches in elderly patients. Early diagnosis and treatment with prednisolone are crucial to prevent complications.

Area of Science:

Rheumatology
Internal Medicine
Geriatrics

Background:

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis primarily affecting large and medium arteries.
It predominantly occurs in individuals over 50 years of age, presenting with diverse and sometimes subtle symptoms.

Observation:

An 80-year-old female presented with a four-month history of severe headache.
Initial investigations revealed elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), mild anemia, and abnormal liver function tests.
Temporal artery biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis.

Findings:

The patient's symptoms and laboratory abnormalities resolved following treatment with prednisolone.
This case highlights the importance of considering GCA in elderly patients presenting with headache and elevated ESR, even in regions where its prevalence is considered low.

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Implications:

Prompt diagnosis and initiation of corticosteroid therapy are essential to avert severe complications associated with GCA.
Misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis can lead to irreversible consequences, including vision loss, and unnecessary invasive procedures or treatments.