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Related Concept Videos

Phase II Conjugation Reactions: Overview01:14

Phase II Conjugation Reactions: Overview

Conjugation, a key component of phase II biotransformation reactions, is a vital process in drug detoxification. It involves transferring endogenous substances like glucuronic acid, sulfate, and glycine to drugs or their metabolites formed in phase I reactions. These conjugation reactions, often catalyzed by specific enzymes, transform potentially harmful metabolites into inactive, water-soluble forms easily excreted in urine or bile. By enhancing polarity and eliminating pharmacological...
Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
Principles of Drug Action01:24

Principles of Drug Action

Drugs are chemical substances that modify biological responses by interacting with macromolecular targets such as receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes. Pharmacodynamics describes the course of action of drugs leading to the physiological effect at a specific site in the body.
Drugs can be agonists or antagonists. Like the endogenous ligands, agonists always bind and activate the target to produce a cellular response. Agonist binding induces a conformational change which in turn...
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview

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Updated: May 25, 2026

Initial Evaluation of Antibody-conjugates Modified with Viral-derived Peptides for Increasing Cellular Accumulation and Improving Tumor Targeting
11:58

Initial Evaluation of Antibody-conjugates Modified with Viral-derived Peptides for Increasing Cellular Accumulation and Improving Tumor Targeting

Published on: March 8, 2018

Antibody-drug conjugates: basic concepts, examples and future perspectives.

Giulio Casi1, Dario Neri

  • 1Philochem AG, Libernstrasse 3, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|February 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antibody-drug conjugates improve cancer treatment by combining targeted monoclonal antibodies with potent cytotoxic drugs. This approach enhances therapeutic benefits while minimizing toxicity to healthy tissues.

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Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction
11:02

Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction

Published on: September 14, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Initial Evaluation of Antibody-conjugates Modified with Viral-derived Peptides for Increasing Cellular Accumulation and Improving Tumor Targeting
11:58

Initial Evaluation of Antibody-conjugates Modified with Viral-derived Peptides for Increasing Cellular Accumulation and Improving Tumor Targeting

Published on: March 8, 2018

Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction
11:02

Genetic Encoding of a Non-Canonical Amino Acid for the Generation of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Through a Fast Bioorthogonal Reaction

Published on: September 14, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Conventional cancer therapies often lack specificity, leading to significant side effects and limited efficacy.
  • Monoclonal antibodies show promise in cancer treatment but have limitations in achieving cures.
  • Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) merge the targeting ability of antibodies with the cell-killing power of cytotoxic drugs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development and application of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in cancer therapy.
  • To highlight key components of ADCs, including drugs, linker technologies, and target selection.
  • To provide an overview of prominent early and recent ADC examples.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of early and recent antibody-drug conjugate research.
  • Analysis of drug payloads, linker chemistries, and target classes used in ADC development.
  • Discussion of clinical utility and therapeutic benefits of ADCs.

Main Results:

  • ADCs demonstrate reduced systemic toxicity compared to conventional therapies.
  • The combination of targeted delivery and potent cytotoxic agents enhances therapeutic outcomes.
  • Various linker technologies and drug payloads have been developed to optimize ADC efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Antibody-drug conjugates represent a significant advancement in targeted cancer therapy.
  • ADCs offer improved therapeutic indexes by selectively delivering cytotoxic drugs to cancer cells.
  • Continued research into novel targets, linkers, and payloads will further expand the potential of ADCs in oncology.