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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
06:16

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

Published on: May 1, 2021

mRNA export and sumoylation-Lessons from plants.

Iris Meier1

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. meier.56@osu.edu

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|February 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Small ubiquitin-related modifiers (SUMO) regulate nuclear proteins impacting mRNA export. Studies in Arabidopsis thaliana reveal SUMO

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Small ubiquitin-related modifiers (SUMO) are crucial for various cellular processes, including transcription, DNA repair, and chromatin organization.
  • The role of SUMOylation in messenger RNA (mRNA) biogenesis and export is an emerging area of research.
  • mRNA biogenesis is tightly linked to transcription and nuclear export, involving proteins with multifaceted roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the less-explored role of SUMOylation in mRNA biogenesis and nuclear export.
  • To review and compare the connection between SUMO and mRNA export across different biological kingdoms.
  • To discuss the potential mechanistic involvement of SUMO in mRNA export processes.

Main Methods:

  • SUMO-proteome analyses to identify SUMO-modified proteins.
  • Analysis of plant mutants and environmental conditions affecting sumoylation levels.
  • Comparative analysis of SUMO-related RNA-binding proteins across species.

Main Results:

  • SUMOylation regulates nuclear proteins involved in mRNA processing and export.
  • Studies in Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrate a correlation between altered sumoylation and mRNA export defects.
  • Recent proteomic studies identify novel RNA-related proteins as potential SUMO targets.

Conclusions:

  • SUMOylation plays a significant role in regulating mRNA nuclear export.
  • The connection between SUMO and mRNA export is conserved across kingdoms.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanistic role of SUMO in mRNA export.