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Related Concept Videos

Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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Clarithromycin form I determined by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction.

Shuji Noguchi1, Keiko Miura, Sadahiro Fujiki

  • 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.

Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Crystal Structure Communications
|February 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The crystal structure of clarithromycin form I was determined using synchrotron powder diffraction. This metastable macrolide antibiotic polymorph exhibits a novel crystal packing mechanism facilitating its transformation from form 0.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Pharmaceutical sciences

Background:

  • Clarithromycin is a widely used macrolide antibiotic.
  • Polymorphism, the ability of a solid material to exist in multiple crystalline forms, can significantly impact drug properties.
  • Understanding the crystal structure of different clarithromycin polymorphs is crucial for drug formulation and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the crystal structure of the metastable form I polymorph of clarithromycin.
  • To elucidate the molecular arrangement and intermolecular interactions within the form I crystal lattice.
  • To investigate the crystal packing mechanism responsible for the transformation from clarithromycin form 0 to form I.

Main Methods:

  • Powder diffraction using synchrotron radiation.
  • Molecular replacement method for initial model building.
  • Rietveld refinement for structure optimization.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure of clarithromycin form I was successfully determined.
  • Form I belongs to the space group P2(1)2(1)2.
  • Clarithromycin molecules in form I are arranged in a head-to-tail manner along the a-axis, stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonds and interdigitating dimethylamine groups.

Conclusions:

  • The determined crystal structure of clarithromycin form I reveals a unique packing arrangement.
  • This novel crystal packing provides insights into the transformation mechanism from form 0 to form I.
  • The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of clarithromycin polymorphism and its solid-state behavior.