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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Heart Rates01:31

Regulation of Heart Rates

The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
The SNS increases heart rate through the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which act on beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action increases the rate of depolarization in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

Factors Influencing Heart Rate

The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
Let us explore the significant factors affecting heart rate, including age, body temperature, posture, acute pain, chemical influences,...
Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype01:26

Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype

β-adrenoceptors have varied sensitivities towards adrenaline, noradrenaline, and isoprenaline. The order of agonist potency is as follows:
Isoprenaline > Adrenaline > Noradrenaline
Neurotransmitter binding to these receptors causes activation of adenylyl cyclase resulting in increased concentrations of cAMP and modulation of calcium ion channels within the cell. They are further classified into β1, β2, and β3 subtypes.
β1-adrenoceptors: β1-adrenoceptors have equal affinities for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging of Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue
06:28

Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging of Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue

Published on: October 7, 2014

NPs -- heart hormones that regulate brown fat?

Andrew J Whittle1, Antonio Vidal-Puig

  • 1University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK.

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
|February 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac natriuretic peptides activate thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT), offering a new strategy for obesity therapies. This pathway is independent of the sympathetic nervous system, suggesting novel therapeutic targets.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Adipose Tissue Biology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

  • Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis is primarily regulated by the sympathetic nervous system.
  • BAT's energy expenditure capacity makes it a promising target for anti-obesity treatments.
  • Previous strategies targeting BAT activation via sympathetic pathways have lacked specificity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of cardiac natriuretic peptides (NPs) in activating thermogenic processes within adipose tissue.
  • To explore a potential therapeutic strategy for increasing energy dissipation in adipose tissue.
  • To determine if NP-mediated activation of thermogenesis is independent of adrenergic receptors.

Main Methods:

  • The study by Bordicchia et al. investigated the effects of cardiac natriuretic peptides on adipose tissue.

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Human Brown Adipose Tissue Depots Automatically Segmented by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Registered Magnetic Resonance Images
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Human Brown Adipose Tissue Depots Automatically Segmented by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Registered Magnetic Resonance Images

Published on: February 18, 2015

Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells
07:22

Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells

Published on: March 28, 2013

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging of Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue
06:28

Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging of Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue

Published on: October 7, 2014

Human Brown Adipose Tissue Depots Automatically Segmented by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Registered Magnetic Resonance Images
09:21

Human Brown Adipose Tissue Depots Automatically Segmented by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Registered Magnetic Resonance Images

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Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells
07:22

Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells

Published on: March 28, 2013

  • Experimental models were used to assess the activation of thermogenic machinery.
  • Specific molecular and physiological pathways were analyzed to understand the mechanism of action.

    • Main Results:

    • Cardiac natriuretic peptides were found to activate the thermogenic machinery in adipose tissue.
    • This activation occurs independently of the traditional sympathetic nervous system and adrenergic receptor pathways.
    • The findings highlight a novel signaling pathway influencing energy expenditure in adipose tissue.

    Conclusions:

    • Cardiac natriuretic peptides represent a novel endogenous factor capable of stimulating thermogenesis in adipose tissue.
    • This NP-mediated pathway offers a potential new therapeutic avenue for increasing energy dissipation.
    • Targeting this non-adrenergic pathway could lead to more specific and effective anti-obesity strategies.