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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease01:25

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backward flow of stomach contents (acid, pepsin, or bile) into the esophagus, causing mucosal inflammation known as esophagitis. It results from failure of antireflux mechanisms, mainly the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), influenced by mechanical and physiological factors.Etiology and Risk FactorsGERD develops when LES function is weakened or when intra-abdominal pressure increases. Risk factors include aging, obesity, and sliding hiatal hernia,...
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure entails...
Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more similar...
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...

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Updated: May 25, 2026

Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
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Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Published on: May 10, 2024

Eosinophilic esophagitis: rapidly emerging disorder.

Alex Straumann1

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital Basel, Switzerland. alex.straumann@hin.ch

Swiss Medical Weekly
|February 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) is a growing chronic esophageal disease diagnosed by symptoms and eosinophil-rich inflammation. Topical corticosteroids and diet changes help manage EoE, but long-term strategies require further definition.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Allergy

Background:

  • Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) is a distinct chronic inflammatory esophageal disease.
  • It is characterized by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and eosinophil-predominant inflammation.
  • EoE is increasingly prevalent in Western countries, particularly affecting males, and is a leading cause of dysphagia and bolus impaction in adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE).
  • To discuss diagnostic criteria and therapeutic options for EoE.
  • To highlight areas where diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are not yet fully defined.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical diagnosis based on esophageal dysfunction symptoms.
  • Histological confirmation of eosinophil-predominant inflammation, excluding other causes.

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Conditional Reprogramming of Pediatric Human Esophageal Epithelial Cells for Use in Tissue Engineering and Disease Investigation
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Conditional Reprogramming of Pediatric Human Esophageal Epithelial Cells for Use in Tissue Engineering and Disease Investigation

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Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
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Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis

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  • Review of current treatment modalities including topical corticosteroids, elimination diets, and esophageal dilation.

    • Main Results:

    • Topical corticosteroids are effective first-line therapy for active EoE, improving clinical and histological outcomes.
    • Elimination diets show comparable efficacy to corticosteroids but face long-term usability challenges.
    • Esophageal dilation can alleviate symptoms from strictures but does not address the underlying inflammation.

    Conclusions:

    • EoE is a significant and increasing health concern, especially in adults presenting with dysphagia.
    • While effective short-term treatments exist, optimal long-term diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for EoE are still under investigation.
    • Further research is needed to fully define the management of this complex condition.