Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
Conduction System of the Heart01:19

Conduction System of the Heart

Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
The pacemaker cells are located in two primary nodes: the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node. The SA node pacemaker cells can autonomously depolarize, triggering an action potential that leads to the...
Conduction System of the Heart01:20

Conduction System of the Heart

The cardiac conduction system produces and transmits electrical impulses that prompt myocardial contraction, ensuring efficient heart function. This intricate system ensures that the heart beats in a coordinated and efficient manner, beginning with the atria and then the ventricles. The conduction system optimizes cardiac output by maintaining this precise sequence, which is crucial for adequate blood circulation.
This system relies on the unique properties of nodal and Purkinje cells:...
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Predictive Value of Radiographs in Assessment of Post-Hemiarthroplasty Recovery Following Femoral Neck Fractures Amongst the Elderly.

Indian journal of orthopaedics·2026
Same author

A Rare Occurrence of Simultaneous Dual Tachycardias: Simultaneous Fascicular VT With AVNRT.

JACC. Clinical electrophysiology·2026
Same author

Durability of pulmonary vein isolation: Does the pulsed field ablation system matter?

Heart rhythm·2026
Same author

Transseptal access with an electrified guidewire and large pulsed field ablation sheath.

Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology·2026
Same author

Factors Affecting Outcome of Proximal Femoral Fracture Surgery Among the Elderly.

Indian journal of orthopaedics·2026
Same author

Cardiac resynchronization therapy with or without atrioventricular node ablation in atrial fibrillation: the CAAN-AF trial.

European heart journal·2026
Same journal

Incidence and Clinical Predictors of Cognitive Decline in Anticoagulated Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. The Strat-AF Study.

Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology·2026
Same journal

Pulsed Field or Cryoballoon Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation - insights from acute and chronic electroanatomic remapping in the randomized SINGLE-SHOT CHAMPION trial.

Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology·2026
Same journal

Pulmonary vein reconnection patterns after pentaspline pulsed field ablation for atrial fibrillation.

Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology·2026
Same journal

Angioplasty for Pulmonary Vein Stenosis after Atrial Fibrillation Ablation.

Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology·2026
Same journal

Compliance to direct oral anticoagulation therapy and clinical outcomes after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: a nationwide cohort study.

Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology·2026
Same journal

Atrial cardiomyopathy as a multidomain disease: longitudinal evidence for autonomic remodelling.

Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation
09:17

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 29, 2011

Direction-dependent conduction abnormalities in the chronically stretched atria.

Christopher X Wong1, Bobby John, Anthony G Brooks

  • 1Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.

Europace : European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology : Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology
|February 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic atrial stretch from mitral stenosis worsens direction-dependent conduction, increasing atrial fibrillation risk. This study characterized these changes in patients with stretched atria compared to controls.

More Related Videos

Isolation of Atrial Myocytes from Adult Mice
08:34

Isolation of Atrial Myocytes from Adult Mice

Published on: July 25, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation
09:17

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 29, 2011

Isolation of Atrial Myocytes from Adult Mice
08:34

Isolation of Atrial Myocytes from Adult Mice

Published on: July 25, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Electrophysiology
  • Cardiology
  • Atrial Remodeling

Background:

  • Direction-dependent conduction is implicated in the interaction between ectopic triggers and abnormal atrial substrates.
  • Chronic atrial stretch, often due to conditions like mitral stenosis, may alter electrophysiological properties.
  • Understanding these alterations is crucial for managing atrial arrhythmias.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize direction-dependent conduction in atria affected by chronic stretch.
  • To compare these characteristics with those in patients with left-sided accessory pathways.
  • To investigate the link between direction-dependent conduction and atrial fibrillation propensity.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 24 patients with chronic atrial stretch (mitral stenosis) and 24 controls (accessory pathways).
  • Utilized multipolar catheters for characterizing conduction along linear paths and across the crista terminalis.
  • Created bi-atrial electroanatomic maps during different wavefront propagation directions via pacing.

Main Results:

  • Direction-dependent conduction changes occurred in both groups but were significantly greater in chronic atrial stretch.
  • Patients with chronic atrial stretch showed more pronounced slowing of conduction velocity and prolonged activation times.
  • Increased conduction block, fractionated electrograms, and decreased voltage were observed with left-to-right activation in stretched atria.

Conclusions:

  • Atrial remodeling in chronic atrial stretch exacerbates direction-dependent conduction.
  • Enhanced direction-dependent conduction in stretched atria may promote arrhythmogenesis.
  • These findings suggest a mechanism linking chronic atrial stretch to increased atrial fibrillation risk via ectopic triggers.