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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...

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Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Nonsuppurative encephalitis in a dog.

S Schöniger1, K Klose, H Werner

  • 1Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. sandra.schoeniger@vetmed.uni-leipzig.de

Veterinary Pathology
|February 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Aujeszky disease virus (Suid herpesvirus 1) caused fatal encephalitis in a German Hunting Terrier. The virus strain matched those found in wild boar, highlighting potential disease transmission risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Virology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Aujeszky disease, caused by Suid herpesvirus 1, primarily affects swine but can infect various mammals.
  • Canine infections are rare and often fatal, presenting diagnostic challenges.

Observation:

  • A 4-year-old German Hunting Terrier exhibited neurological signs including tremor, dyspnea, and hypothermia, progressing rapidly to death.
  • Necropsy revealed multifocal nonsuppurative brainstem encephalitis with intranuclear inclusions in neurons.
  • Immunohistochemistry and viral culture confirmed Aujeszky disease virus in brain and trigeminal ganglia.

Findings:

  • The canine encephalitis was definitively diagnosed as Aujeszky disease virus-induced.
  • Genetic sequencing showed 100% homology between the canine isolate and Suid herpesvirus 1 strains from wild boar in Eastern Germany.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the potential for Aujeszky disease virus to cause severe, fatal neurological disease in domestic dogs.
  • The genetic link to wild boar isolates suggests a possible transmission route and highlights the importance of surveillance in wildlife populations.