Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ovaries01:26

Ovaries

The ovaries are roughly the size of almonds and measure approximately 2 to 3 centimeters in length. These paired structures are situated within the pelvic region and are anchored by the mesovarium—a peritoneal extension that also connects them to the wider structure of the broad ligament. The support system extends to the suspensory ligament, housing blood and lymphatic vessels. In addition, the ovarian ligament tethers the ovaries to the uterus.
On the ovarian surface, a layer of cuboidal...
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Oogenesis01:22

Oogenesis

Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is known...
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Explainability of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs): promise, clinical reality, and conceptual limits.

Human reproduction (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Live birth rate after ART with donor semen in single women, lesbian couples and heterosexual couples: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Reproductive biomedicine online·2026
Same author

Universal coverage of IVF: benefits, unintended barriers and lessons from the French model in an international perspective.

Reproductive biomedicine online·2026
Same author

Oocyte quality in the era of AI: integration of morphology, metabolic activity and time-lapse imaging.

Reproductive biomedicine online·2026
Same author

Can large language models provide accurate and empathetic answers to the most frequently asked questions by infertile patients? A pilot study.

Reproductive biomedicine online·2026
Same author

[Polycystic ovary syndrome in primary care: Knowledge among general practitioners].

Gynecologie, obstetrique, fertilite & senologie·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation
05:42

Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation

Published on: October 25, 2024

[Ovarian reserve].

Thomas Fréour1, Paul Barrière

  • 1Biologie et médecine du développement et de la reproduction, hôpital Mère-et-Enfant, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes cedex 1. thomas.freour@chu-nantes.fr

La Revue Du Praticien
|February 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ovarian reserve testing is crucial for women over 35 or with risk factors. Early infertility workup, including hormonal tests and follicle counts, is recommended after six months of trying to conceive.

More Related Videos

Whole Ovary Immunofluorescence, Clearing, and Multiphoton Microscopy for Quantitative 3D Analysis of the Developing Ovarian Reserve in Mouse
12:36

Whole Ovary Immunofluorescence, Clearing, and Multiphoton Microscopy for Quantitative 3D Analysis of the Developing Ovarian Reserve in Mouse

Published on: September 3, 2021

Surgical Techniques to Optimize Ovarian Reserve during Laparoscopic Cystectomy for Ovarian Endometrioma
11:29

Surgical Techniques to Optimize Ovarian Reserve during Laparoscopic Cystectomy for Ovarian Endometrioma

Published on: January 22, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation
05:42

Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation

Published on: October 25, 2024

Whole Ovary Immunofluorescence, Clearing, and Multiphoton Microscopy for Quantitative 3D Analysis of the Developing Ovarian Reserve in Mouse
12:36

Whole Ovary Immunofluorescence, Clearing, and Multiphoton Microscopy for Quantitative 3D Analysis of the Developing Ovarian Reserve in Mouse

Published on: September 3, 2021

Surgical Techniques to Optimize Ovarian Reserve during Laparoscopic Cystectomy for Ovarian Endometrioma
11:29

Surgical Techniques to Optimize Ovarian Reserve during Laparoscopic Cystectomy for Ovarian Endometrioma

Published on: January 22, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Infertility Management

Background:

  • Ovarian reserve assessment is vital for counseling infertile couples.
  • Evaluation is recommended for women over 35, or younger with risk factors like premature ovarian failure history, gonadotoxic treatments, or short cycles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline current guidelines for ovarian reserve assessment.
  • To emphasize the importance of early infertility workup in women over 35.

Main Methods:

  • Basal hormonal status measurement (Day 3 FSH and estradiol).
  • Antral follicle count (AFC) by a skilled operator.
  • Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) level measurement.

Main Results:

  • Day 3 FSH and estradiol are the initial hormonal assessments.
  • AFC and AMH provide relevant supplementary information.
  • The traditional 2-year infertility waiting period is outdated due to delayed childbearing.

Conclusions:

  • Ovarian reserve assessment should be initiated promptly.
  • Infertility workup, including ovarian reserve testing, should begin after 6 months of infertility in women over 35.