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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

8.1K
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
8.1K
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

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In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention01:30

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

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Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
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Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II01:18

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II

2.1K
The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
The agent-host-environment model states that disease results...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
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Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

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Microbicides for HIV prevention.

Gita Ramjee1

  • 1Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa. Gita.Ramjee@mrc.ac.za

The Indian Journal of Medical Research
|February 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Developing effective woman-initiated HIV prevention methods is crucial, especially for young women. Vaginal microbicides, like tenofovir, show promise as a viable strategy to combat the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • HIV remains a significant global health issue, disproportionately affecting women, particularly young women in developing nations.
  • There is an urgent need for acceptable, woman-initiated methods for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention.
  • Vaginally-applied microbicides are a key focus for developing new HIV prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of microbicides as a viable HIV prevention strategy.
  • To confirm the proof-of-concept for microbicides demonstrated in the CAPRISA 004 trial.
  • To explore feasible implementation and delivery methods for microbicide products.

Main Methods:

  • Early research explored non-HIV-specific compounds.

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Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3
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Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays
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  • The CAPRISA 004 trial investigated a microbicide containing the antiretroviral tenofovir.
  • Subsequent studies focus on public sector implementation and novel delivery systems like vaginal rings.

    • Main Results:

    • The CAPRISA 004 trial provided proof-of-concept for microbicides containing tenofovir.
    • Confirmation by additional major trials is anticipated to support product licensure.
    • Research is ongoing to optimize delivery and adherence for microbicide products.

    Conclusions:

    • Microbicides, particularly those containing tenofovir, represent a promising woman-initiated HIV prevention method.
    • Further trials and implementation studies are essential for product licensure and widespread use.
    • Optimizing delivery systems is key to increasing adherence and effectiveness of vaginal microbicides.