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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

Muscles that Move the Arm

Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...

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Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
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Published on: March 12, 2021

Can a high acromion index predict rotator cuff tears?

Jung Ryul Kim1, Keun Jung Ryu, In Tae Hong

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Sung-nam, South Korea.

International Orthopaedics
|February 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The acromion index (AI) can help differentiate partial rotator cuff tears from large tears pre-operatively. However, AI does not predict tear size within full-thickness tears, though a high AI may indicate progression risk.

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Published on: February 10, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Rotator cuff tears are common shoulder injuries.
  • Accurate pre-operative assessment of tear size is crucial for treatment planning.
  • The acromion index (AI) is a radiographic measurement that may correlate with rotator cuff pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the acromion index (AI) and the size of rotator cuff tears.
  • To determine if AI can predict tear size, particularly differentiating partial from full-thickness tears.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 284 patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.
  • Patients were categorized into groups based on tear size (partial-thickness articular-side and four full-thickness subgroups).
  • Pre-operative oblique coronal MRI images were used to measure the acromion index (AI).

Main Results:

  • Statistically significant differences in AI were found between partial-thickness articular-side tears and large-to-massive full-thickness tears (p < 0.01).
  • The highest mean AI values were observed in the large full-thickness tear group.
  • AI could not differentiate tear size within the full-thickness tear groups.

Conclusions:

  • The acromion index (AI) shows potential as a pre-operative tool to distinguish partial-thickness articular-side rotator cuff tears from large-to-massive tears.
  • AI is not effective in predicting tear size variations among patients with full-thickness tears.
  • Elevated AI may be associated with the progression of rotator cuff disease towards larger tears.