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Related Concept Videos

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase of...
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
Cardiac Action Potential01:30

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials
Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing
12:45

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing

Published on: December 11, 2017

Electrical and mechanical ventricular activation during left bundle branch block and resynchronization.

Marc Strik1, François Regoli, Angelo Auricchio

  • 1Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands. m.strik@maastrichtuniversity.nl

Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research
|February 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves heart failure outcomes in patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB). This review explores LBBB activation and biventricular pacing to enhance CRT effectiveness and patient selection.

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing
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06:57

Ablation of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia Using a Multipolar Catheter and 3-dimensional Mapping System for High-density Electro-anatomical Reconstruction

Published on: January 31, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Heart Failure Research

Background:

  • Left bundle branch block (LBBB) is a key factor in heart failure, affecting cardiac function.
  • The response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in LBBB patients is variable and not fully understood.
  • Investigating LBBB pathophysiology is crucial for optimizing CRT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on electrical activation in LBBB and during biventricular pacing.
  • To apply this knowledge to current CRT practices.
  • To identify novel methods for measuring and treating the electrical substrate in CRT candidates.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on LBBB and biventricular pacing.
  • Analysis of electrical activation patterns in LBBB.
  • Exploration of current CRT clinical practices.

Main Results:

  • Heterogeneity in CRT response suggests incomplete understanding of LBBB and CRT mechanisms.
  • Understanding electrical activation is key to improving CRT outcomes.
  • Novel measurement and treatment strategies for the electrical substrate are needed.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into LBBB activation is essential for advancing CRT.
  • Optimizing CRT requires a deeper understanding of the electrical substrate.
  • New approaches to measuring and treating LBBB are critical for improving heart failure management.