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Related Concept Videos

Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a membrane via...
Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a membrane via...
Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a membrane via...
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport01:19

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
Facilitated diffusion is a passive process that utilizes human Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters. These transporters bind to the drug, undergo structural...
Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport01:24

Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport

Drugs must traverse multiple biological barriers, such as multi-layered skin, single-layered intestinal epithelium, and the plasma membrane, to reach their target sites within the body. The plasma membrane, a highly structured composite of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, is the cell's protective boundary, facilitating selective substance exchange.
Phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer, with hydrophilic heads oriented outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

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Updated: May 25, 2026

Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution
11:55

Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution

Published on: August 16, 2016

Controlled transport through a single molecule.

A Kumar1, R Heimbuch, B Poelsema

  • 1Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESAC Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|February 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows how to switch molecular junctions on and off using electric fields. Octanethiol molecules bridge gaps, enabling controllable electrical conductance in nanoscale devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular electronics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Surface science

Background:

  • Molecular junctions are crucial for nanoscale electronic devices.
  • Controlling molecular behavior at interfaces is challenging.
  • Understanding single-molecule conductance is key for future electronics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate controllable switching of an electrode-molecule-electrode junction.
  • To investigate the role of electric fields and interspace in molecular switching.
  • To analyze the conductance changes upon molecular contact.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of electrode-molecule-electrode junctions using octanethiol.
  • Utilizing a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) tip to form and probe the junction.
  • Applying and tuning electric fields and contact interspace to control molecular bridging.

Main Results:

  • Octanethiol molecules bridge a ~1 nm gap when an electric field exceeds a threshold, switching the junction 'on'.
  • Reducing the electric field below the threshold reproducibly detaches the molecule, switching the junction 'off'.
  • Further reducing the contact interspace after connection increases the molecule's conductance.

Conclusions:

  • Controllable switching of molecular junctions is achievable via electric field and interspace manipulation.
  • This provides a mechanism for on/off states in molecular electronic components.
  • The findings pave the way for novel molecular switches and memory devices.