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Nuclear Export of mRNA

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps the cell...

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability

pre-mRNA Processing

pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...

Pre-mRNA Processing

Pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

ACT1-CUP1 Assays Determine the Substrate-Specific Sensitivities of Spliceosomal Mutants in Budding Yeast

ACT1-CUP1 Assays Determine the Substrate-Specific Sensitivities of Spliceosomal Mutants in Budding Yeast

Published on: June 30, 2022

Yeast nuclear RNA processing.

Jade Bernstein¹, Eric A Toth

¹Jade Bernstein, Eric A Toth, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.

World Journal of Biological Chemistry

|February 8, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review highlights recent Saccharomyces cerevisiae research on nuclear RNA processing, detailing how pre-RNAs become functional RNAs and aberrant RNAs are eliminated. It covers structural and regulatory advances, posing new questions in RNA biology.

Keywords:

Cryptic unstable transcript Exosome Mtr4p Polyadenylation Small nuclear RNA Small nucleolar RNA TRAMP mRNA rRNA tRNA

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Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation

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Published on: March 14, 2014

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
Genetics

Background:

Nuclear RNA processing is essential for gene expression.
This process involves complex enzymatic machinery and regulatory networks.
Aberrant RNAs must be efficiently cleared from the nuclear pool.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent findings on nuclear RNA processing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
To summarize insights into pre-RNA conversion and aberrant RNA elimination.
To highlight structural and regulatory mechanisms governing RNA processing and identify future research questions.

Main Methods:

Review of experimental data from Saccharomyces cerevisiae studies.
Analysis of structural biology findings.
Examination of regulatory mechanism research.

Main Results:

Significant progress in understanding the 3D structures of nuclear RNA degradation machinery and cofactors.
Increasing clarity on the regulatory mechanisms controlling RNA processing.
Identification of key enzymes and cofactors involved in RNA metabolism.

Conclusions:

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a valuable model for studying nuclear RNA processing.
Recent structural and regulatory insights have advanced the field.
Further research is needed to address newly emerging questions in RNA biology.