Molecular markers in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Dermatology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Nonmelanoma skin carcinoma (NMSC) is the most common cancer in the USA.
• Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), a subset of NMSC, exhibits high aggressiveness and mortality, yet its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood compared to melanoma.
• Current staging paradigms are evolving to better risk-stratify cSCC based on biologic behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review trends in NMSC incidence and etiologies.
• To discuss the current state of molecular profiling for cSCC.
• To highlight recent advances in identifying molecular markers for cSCC.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on NMSC trends, cSCC etiologies, and molecular profiling.
• Analysis of recent research on molecular markers in cSCC.
• Discussion of the clinical implications of molecular discoveries for risk stratification.

Main Results:

• NMSC incidence is increasing, with cSCC contributing significantly to mortality.
• Molecular profiling of cSCC lags behind melanoma, hindering a comprehensive understanding of its aggressive nature.
• Recent research has identified key molecular markers, advancing the field of cSCC characterization.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the molecular profile of cSCC is crucial for improving patient outcomes and developing targeted therapies.
• Advances in molecular marker discovery are essential for refining risk stratification and clinical management of cSCC.
• Further research into cSCC molecular mechanisms is warranted to address its significant mortality and aggressive behavior.