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Familiarity and differences in self- and other-representations.

D A Prentice1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544-1010.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|September 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Greater familiarity with oneself, not just self-concept, explains differences in how we perceive ourselves versus others. This research explores self-perception and social cognition through familiarity.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Self-Perception Research

Background:

  • Self-other differences in perception are often attributed to unique self-knowledge.
  • The role of familiarity in shaping these self-other distinctions requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that greater familiarity with oneself, compared to others, underlies self-other differences.
  • To examine how familiarity influences the organization of self-concept and other-concepts.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted involving participants' self-written descriptions of themselves, a familiar other, and an unfamiliar other.
  • Information content and consistency were analyzed, followed by timed judgment tasks to infer conceptual organization based on response latencies.

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Main Results:

  • Most predicted self-other differences were supported.
  • However, these differences were largely mirrored by distinctions between familiar and unfamiliar others, suggesting familiarity's significant role.

Conclusions:

  • Familiarity provides a parsimonious explanation for numerous observed self-other differences in cognitive representations.
  • The findings highlight the importance of familiarity in understanding self-perception and social cognition.