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Schistosomiasis in infants and pre-school-aged children in sub-Saharan Africa: implication for control

Uwem F Ekpo1, Akinola S Oluwole, Eniola M Abe

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta 110001, Nigeria. ekpouf@unaab.edu.ng

Parasitology
|February 9, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Schistosomiasis infections are increasingly found in infants and young children in sub-Saharan Africa, challenging previous assumptions about disease epidemiology and control strategies. Current control programs often overlook this vulnerable age group, necessitating policy review for inclusive treatment and health education.

Area of Science:

  • Neglected Tropical Diseases
  • Parasitology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Schistosomiasis control in sub-Saharan Africa has historically focused on school-aged children and adults.
  • Emerging evidence highlights significant schistosomiasis prevalence in infants and pre-school-aged children (≤ 6 years) across multiple African nations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, transmission, and control of schistosomiasis in infants and pre-school-aged children in sub-Saharan Africa.
  • To highlight the current exclusion of this age group from national control programs and advocate for policy changes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing epidemiological data on schistosomiasis in young children.
  • Analysis of prevalence rates and geographical distribution in affected countries.
  • Assessment of current control program strategies and their limitations.

Main Results:

  • Schistosomiasis infection begins in early childhood, contrary to prior assumptions.
  • Prevalence rates in infants and pre-schoolers range from 14% to 86% in endemic areas.
  • Factors influencing exposure in this age group remain largely undetermined.

Conclusions:

  • Schistosomiasis morbidity can develop early in childhood, potentially leading to long-term clinical impact.
  • Current control programs overlook the significant burden of schistosomiasis in infants and pre-school-aged children.
  • Policy review is essential to include young children in treatment and health education initiatives for mothers.

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