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Biological Effects of Radiation

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...

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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...

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Updated: May 25, 2026

Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy

Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy

Published on: July 3, 2014

Radiation-induced heart disease.

Jason Filopei¹, William Frishman

¹Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

Cardiology in Review

|February 9, 2012

Summary

Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is a growing concern with increased radiation therapy use. This review covers RIHD

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Oncology
Radiology

Background:

Radiation therapy for thoracic malignancies is increasing.
Improved cancer survival leads to more long-term treatment effects.
Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is a significant concern.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the pathophysiology of RIHD.
To discuss clinical presentations of RIHD.
To explore strategies for reducing RIHD incidence.

Main Methods:

Literature review of radiation-induced heart disease.
Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms.
Summary of clinical findings and management.

Main Results:

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Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy

Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy

Published on: July 3, 2014

RIHD affects multiple cardiac structures (pericardium, coronary arteries, myocardium, valves).
Pathology ranges from acute to chronic.
Research has identified toxic effects and protective measures.

Conclusions:

Understanding RIHD mechanisms is crucial.
Early detection and management are key.
Future research should focus on prevention and mitigation strategies.