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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Photoluminescence: Applications01:14

Photoluminescence: Applications

Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...
Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence01:23

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...
Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering
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Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering

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Chemistry in solution: recent techniques and applications using soft X-ray spectroscopy.

Kathrin M Lange1, Alexander Kothe, Emad F Aziz

  • 1Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|February 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers are advancing molecular understanding using soft X-ray spectroscopy to map electronic structures and dynamics during chemical bond changes in solution. This technique reveals ultrafast processes, aiding studies of hydrogen bonds and biological systems.

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Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering
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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Physics
  • Molecular Spectroscopy
  • Biophysical Chemistry

Background:

  • Precise knowledge of molecular structures and chemical bonds drives experimental and theoretical development.
  • Soft X-ray techniques offer new ways to study chemical and biochemical systems in solution.
  • Understanding molecular dynamics is crucial for fields ranging from materials science to biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop experimental methods for mapping electronic structure and dynamics in solution.
  • To investigate molecular systems during bond-building and bond-breaking events.
  • To address fundamental questions in chemical and biological systems.

Main Methods:

  • Soft X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy.
  • Pump-probe spectroscopy and core-hole clock techniques.
  • Integration with conventional spectroscopy and theoretical modeling.

Main Results:

  • Mapping of electronic structure and dynamics of molecular systems in solution.
  • Revealing dynamics on time scales from sub-femtoseconds to picoseconds.
  • Enabling detailed studies of chemical bond dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Soft X-ray spectroscopy provides powerful insights into molecular processes in solution.
  • The methods developed can address complex questions about hydrogen bonds and biological active centers.
  • Ultrafast dynamics of bond formation and breaking are now accessible for study.