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Related Concept Videos

Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can be...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
09:04

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Targeting mRNAs by engineered sequence-specific RNase P ribozymes.

Yong Bai1, Naresh Sunkara, Fenyong Liu

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|February 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered RNase P catalytic RNA (M1GS RNA) effectively targets and cleaves human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) mRNA in cells. This ribozyme therapy significantly reduces viral gene expression and inhibits viral growth.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Engineered ribozymes offer a novel approach for gene-specific targeting.
  • RNase P catalytic RNA (M1GS RNA) can be customized for therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe methods for using M1GS RNA for in vitro and in vivo trans-cleavage of viral mRNA.
  • To evaluate the antiviral activity of a customized M1GS ribozyme against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV).

Main Methods:

  • Mapping accessible viral mRNA regions in infected cells.
  • Generating and assaying customized M1GS ribozymes for in vitro cleavage.
  • Assessing M1GS RNA expression and antiviral efficacy in cultured cells.

Main Results:

  • A functional M1GS ribozyme was constructed to cleave HCMV mRNAs encoding capsid scaffolding protein (CSP) and assemblin.
  • In HCMV-infected human cells, M1GS RNA reduced CSP and assemblin expression by over 85%.
  • A 4,000-fold reduction in viral growth was observed in cells expressing the M1GS ribozyme.

Conclusions:

  • Customized M1GS ribozymes serve as effective gene-targeting agents.
  • M1GS ribozymes demonstrate potent in trans-cleavage activity against viral genes.
  • This approach shows promise for inhibiting viral growth and developing antiviral therapies.