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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Analysis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in Rhesus Macaques by Peptide-MHC-I Tetramer Staining
06:25

Analysis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in Rhesus Macaques by Peptide-MHC-I Tetramer Staining

Published on: December 23, 2016

Nonpathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus infections.

Nichole R Klatt1, Guido Silvestri, Vanessa Hirsch

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
|February 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

African primates naturally infected with simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) avoid disease progression. Understanding these adaptations offers insights into human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pathogenesis and vaccine design.

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Single-cell Quantitation of mRNA and Surface Protein Expression in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected CD4+ T Cells Isolated from Rhesus macaques
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Single-cell Quantitation of mRNA and Surface Protein Expression in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected CD4+ T Cells Isolated from Rhesus macaques

Published on: September 25, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Analysis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in Rhesus Macaques by Peptide-MHC-I Tetramer Staining
06:25

Analysis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in Rhesus Macaques by Peptide-MHC-I Tetramer Staining

Published on: December 23, 2016

Single-cell Quantitation of mRNA and Surface Protein Expression in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected CD4+ T Cells Isolated from Rhesus macaques
13:13

Single-cell Quantitation of mRNA and Surface Protein Expression in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected CD4+ T Cells Isolated from Rhesus macaques

Published on: September 25, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Primatology

Background:

  • Simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) infect various African primates, typically without causing disease.
  • In contrast, experimental SIV infection in Asian macaques leads to an immunodeficiency syndrome similar to human AIDS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary adaptations in natural SIV hosts that prevent disease progression.
  • To explore mechanisms of nonprogressive lentiviral infection in primates.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of SIV-infected African primates (e.g., African green monkeys, sooty mangabeys) and experimentally infected macaques.
  • Examination of host immune responses, including CD4(+) T cell dynamics, immune activation, and mucosal immunity.

Main Results:

  • Natural SIV hosts exhibit robust viral replication without developing immunodeficiency.
  • Key adaptations include altered CD4(+) T cell phenotypes, controlled immune activation, and modified mucosal immunity.
  • A balance between T-cell renewal/proliferation and apoptosis/cell death appears crucial.

Conclusions:

  • Natural SIV infection in African primates represents an evolutionary adaptation to lentiviral infection.
  • Understanding these host-virus interactions provides critical insights into AIDS pathogenesis.
  • Mechanisms of nonprogressive infection may inform novel strategies for HIV vaccine development.