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Updated: May 25, 2026

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
Published on: September 27, 2020
Personalised computerised feedback in E-mental health
Peter Musiat1, Lars Hoffmann, Ulrike Schmidt
1King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Section of Eating Disorders, PO-Box 059, De Crespigny Park, London SE15 3RH, UK. peter.musiat@kcl.ac.uk
Background:
Personalised feedback constitutes an important component of E- and M-mental health applications (E = electronic and M = mobile computing and communication technologies) for disease prevention and management. It can be used to increase motivation, highlight risks, change attitudes and counterbalance the lack of personal contact in computerised health interventions. Research suggests that compared with targeted or generic feedback, personalised feedback is a more effective intervention component.
Aims:
To discuss challenges and options for the generation and delivery of personalised feedback in E- and M-mental health interventions. Suggestions for the development of normative, summative and ipsative feedback are provided.
Results:
We demonstrate how information from (multiple) assessments and/or data from comparable samples can be integrated into statistically supported and user-friendly feedback without including test scores.
Conclusion:
Proposals made in this paper need to be the subject of empirical studies and should be tested in terms of their feasibility, acceptability and efficacy.
