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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

An Assessment Method and Toolkit to Evaluate Keyboard Design on Smartphones

An Assessment Method and Toolkit to Evaluate Keyboard Design on Smartphones

Published on: October 5, 2020

Ergonomic recommendations when texting on mobile phones.

Ewa Gustafsson¹

¹Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. ewa.gustafsson@amm.gu.se

Work (Reading, Mass.)

|February 10, 2012

Summary

Intensive mobile phone texting can cause musculoskeletal issues in young adults. Ergonomic tips like supporting forearms and using both thumbs may help prevent neck and upper extremity pain.

Area of Science:

Ergonomics
Occupational Health
Digital Health

Background:

Musculoskeletal symptoms are prevalent among young adults due to extensive mobile phone use.
Understanding the physical demands of texting is crucial for developing preventative strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide ergonomic recommendations for preventing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in young people from intensive mobile phone texting.
To investigate the relationship between texting techniques, physical load, and MSDs.

Main Methods:

A study involving 56 Swedish young adults (19-25 years) was conducted.
Electrogoniometry measured thumb movements, electromyography assessed muscle activity, and texting techniques were observed.
Participants were categorized into groups with and without musculoskeletal symptoms.

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Main Results:

Significant differences in physical load, muscle activity, and kinematics were observed between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups.
Variations in these parameters were also noted across different texting techniques.
These biomechanical differences may contribute to the development of MSDs.

Conclusions:

Ergonomic recommendations include supporting forearms, utilizing both thumbs, maintaining an upright head posture, and avoiding high-velocity texting.
Implementing these strategies can help mitigate the risk of musculoskeletal disorders associated with mobile phone use.