Uterine leiomyosarcoma producing granulocyte colony stimulating factor

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Hematology

Background:

• Uterine leiomyosarcoma is a rare malignancy.
• Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with uterine leiomyosarcoma are exceptionally uncommon.
• Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GCSF) production by tumors is a known phenomenon but rare in uterine leiomyosarcoma.

Observation:

• A 56-year-old female presented with recurrent uterine leiomyosarcoma.
• The patient exhibited significant leukocytosis (19100/mm³) and elevated serum GCSF levels (33.0 pg/ml).
• Tumor histology revealed a well-differentiated leiomyosarcoma with extensive neutrophilic infiltration in lung and spleen metastases.

Findings:

• Immunohistochemistry confirmed GCSF positivity in tumor cells.
• The findings established a diagnosis of GCSF-producing uterine leiomyosarcoma.
• The leukocytosis was determined to be paraneoplastic in origin.

Implications:

• This case represents the first reported instance of GCSF-producing uterine leiomyosarcoma in English literature.
• Understanding this paraneoplastic phenomenon is crucial for accurate diagnosis and patient management.
• Further research may elucidate the mechanisms and clinical significance of GCSF production in uterine leiomyosarcoma.