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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells
10:29

Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells

Published on: January 3, 2025

TCR affinity and specificity requirements for human regulatory T-cell function.

Gabriela Plesa1, Lingjie Zheng, Andrew Medvec

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA.

Blood
|February 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

TCR affinity did not impact regulatory T cell (Treg) suppressive function. A low-affinity TCR in Tregs potently suppressed antigen-specific CD8 T cells, demonstrating therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases.

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Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
09:47

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

Published on: November 21, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells
10:29

Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells

Published on: January 3, 2025

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
09:47

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

Published on: November 21, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular and Molecular Immunology
  • T-cell Biology

Background:

  • Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity.
  • Engineering Tregs with specific antigen recognition is a promising therapeutic strategy.
  • The role of T-cell receptor (TCR) affinity in engineered Treg function remains incompletely understood, particularly for MHC class I-restricted TCRs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of TCR affinity on the suppressive function of engineered human Tregs.
  • To determine if MHC class I-restricted TCRs can redirect Tregs for antigen-specific suppression.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of engineered Tregs for controlling immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Generated and characterized a panel of HLA-A2-restricted TCRs with varying affinities for a specific peptide-MHC class I complex (pMHC).
  • Transduced human Tregs with these TCRs and assessed their antigen-specific suppressive activity.
  • Evaluated the ability of engineered Tregs to inhibit the expansion of antigen-specific CD8 T cells.

Main Results:

  • TCR affinity did not significantly affect the potent antigen-specific suppressive activity conferred by introduced TCRs in Tregs.
  • A naturally occurring, low-affinity MHC class I-restricted TCR, when expressed in Tregs, demonstrated potent suppressive activity.
  • This low-affinity TCR in Tregs effectively impaired the expansion of highly functional HIV-1(GAG)-specific CD8 T cells, but only when antigens were co-presented by the same cell.

Conclusions:

  • MHC class I-restricted TCRs can be effectively used to redirect human Tregs for potent antigen-specific suppression.
  • TCR affinity is not a critical determinant for the suppressive function of engineered Tregs.
  • This approach holds significant clinical utility for controlling autoimmune diseases and other immune-mediated conditions, with co-presentation of antigens being a key factor for therapeutic benefit.