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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.

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Updated: May 25, 2026

Rapid Mix Preparation of Bioinspired Nanoscale Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications
05:41

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Published on: February 23, 2017

Osteoblast activity on carbonated hydroxyapatite.

Asha Rupani1, Lilia Araida Hidalgo-Bastida, Frank Rutten

  • 1Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Guy Hilton Research Centre, University of Keele, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A
|February 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) shows potential as a bone substitute, offering enhanced biodegradation and osteogenic capabilities compared to traditional hydroxyapatite (HA). Further research confirms its biocompatibility for bone tissue engineering applications.

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Published on: May 4, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a common bone substitute but has limitations in biodegradability and osteointegration.
  • Carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) more closely mimics bone apatite composition, suggesting improved bioactivity.
  • Investigating CHA's efficacy is crucial for advancing bone regeneration strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) against hydroxyapatite (HA) as a control.
  • To evaluate CHA's potential as a superior biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.
  • To assess CHA's biocompatibility, biodegradability, and osteogenic properties.

Main Methods:

  • MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells were seeded onto CHA (4.9 wt%) and HA discs.
  • Cell attachment, proliferation, and extracellular matrix production were analyzed using SEM.
  • Collagen production was quantified via hydroxyproline assay, and gene expression was measured by real-time PCR.

Main Results:

  • SEM revealed surface irregularities and dissolution on CHA discs at 7 days, indicating biodegradation.
  • Cell attachment and extracellular matrix production were observed on both CHA and HA samples.
  • Real-time PCR showed significant increases in mRNA for collagen I a1, collagen III a1, and osteocalcin on CHA compared to HA.

Conclusions:

  • Carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) demonstrates biocompatibility and enhanced osteogenic potential compared to HA.
  • CHA exhibits increased biodegradation properties, making it a promising material for bone regeneration.
  • CHA warrants further investigation as an advanced biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications.