Using DGGE and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis to evaluate changes in oral bacterial composition

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Oral Health
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• The oral bacterial community plays a crucial role in maintaining oral health.
• Understanding the impact of dental interventions on the oral microbiome is essential for developing effective oral hygiene strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the effect of standard dental prophylaxis and brushing with a specific antibacterial dentifrice on the oral bacterial community structure.
• To analyze changes in microbial composition using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Main Methods:

• Twenty-four healthy adults underwent a washout period, followed by dental prophylaxis and brushing with a triclosan/PVM/MA copolymer/sodium fluoride dentifrice.
• Supragingival plaque samples were collected at baseline (0 h) and 24 h post-treatment.
• Bacterial genomic DNA was isolated, and DGGE profiles and 16S rRNA gene sequences were analyzed to assess microbial community shifts.

Main Results:

• Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) revealed two distinct clusters of profiles, indicating a significant shift in microbial composition 24 hours after prophylaxis and brushing.
• 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified 6 phyla and 29 genera, including known and novel bacterial species.
• A notable increase in bacterial diversity was observed 24 hours post-intervention, with the presence of Streptococcaceae, Prevotella, Corynebacterium, TM7, and other commensal bacteria.

Conclusions:

• Standard dental prophylaxis followed by brushing with the tested antibacterial dentifrice may promote a healthier oral bacterial community composition.
• The intervention appears to enhance microbial diversity, potentially contributing to improved oral health outcomes.