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Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...

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Updated: May 25, 2026

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells
10:06

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

Published on: April 26, 2017

Alternative splicing interference by xenobiotics.

Emanuela Zaharieva1, J Kevin Chipman, Matthias Soller

  • 1School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom. eez842@bham.ac.uk

Toxicology
|February 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Xenobiotics, including drugs and supplements, can interfere with gene splicing, impacting protein diversity and disease development. Understanding these interactions is crucial for toxicology and risk assessment.

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Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
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Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells
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Published on: April 26, 2017

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
10:25

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Published on: April 22, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Toxicology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Eukaryotic gene expression involves splicing, where introns are removed from pre-mRNA to form mature mRNA.
  • Alternative splicing generates proteomic diversity, regulating gene expression in over 90% of human genes, especially in the brain.
  • The complex splicing process is vulnerable to interference by xenobiotics, including drugs and food supplements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on compounds that interfere with general and alternative splicing.
  • To review methodologies for studying splicing changes relevant to toxicology.
  • To highlight the implications of splicing alterations in disease and for future risk assessments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on xenobiotic-splicing interactions.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the impact of compounds on splicing fidelity and accuracy.
  • Examination of methods used to detect and quantify splicing alterations.

Main Results:

  • Xenobiotics can inhibit general splicing or specifically modify alternative splicing pathways.
  • Alterations in splicing are linked to diseases like cancer and neurodegeneration.
  • Splicing factor misregulation affects cell survival and programmed cell death.

Conclusions:

  • Compounds interfering with splicing pose risks relevant to toxicology and risk assessment.
  • Understanding xenobiotic effects on splicing is critical for evaluating drug safety and environmental exposures.
  • Further research into splicing modulation by xenobiotics is needed to understand disease mechanisms and ensure safety.