Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 25, 2026

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
Published on: January 27, 2010
[Assessment of pain associated to common invasive procedures and nurse's opinion]
Silvia Angelini1, Fulvio Ricceri, Valerio Dimonte
1AOU S.Giovanni Battista di Torino.
Unlabelled:
Assessment of pain associated to common invasive procedures and nurse's opinion.
Introduction:
Invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures (IDTP) may be painful and cause physical and emotional discomfort.
Aim:
An observational study was conducted in three medical wards of S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, to a) assess pain and discomfort experienced by patients during IDTPs and nurses' opinion; b) describe frequency and outcomes of the administration of analgesics and anxiolitics.
Methods:
Pain was assessed with a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after IDTPs and patients were asked to describe the main causes of pain/discomfort experienced. Nurses expressed their opinion on pain and discomfort caused by a list of IDTPs. Means and DS sere calculated for each IDTP.
Results:
Data on 186 patients and 200 IDTPs were collected. The most performed IDTPs were EGDS (18%), blood gas analysis (14%) and colonoscopy (12.5%). The most painful were Bone Marrow Biopsy (BOM) (NRS 7.05) and colonoscopy (NRS 6.44); those more anxiety provoking the BOM (NRS 7.26) and bronchoscopy (NRS 5.09). No analgesic or insufficient dosages were administered before some IDTPs and 56% patients would have liked it. Nurses rated patients pain and fear/anxiety significantly higher than patients.
Conclusions:
Acute pain, fear and anxiety are poorly controlled; the lack of protocols for pain control may be responsible for the different levels of discomfort experienced.
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