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Related Concept Videos

Gene Therapy00:59

Gene Therapy

Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be inserted. The...
Gene Therapy00:59

Gene Therapy

Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be inserted. The...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
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Gene therapy in melanoma.

G Parmiani1, F Arienti, C Melani

  • 1Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Milan, Italy.

Methods in Molecular Medicine
|February 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Gene therapy offers new ways to treat diseases by modifying genes in somatic cells. Advances in molecular biology enable gene delivery via viral or physical vectors for in vitro and in vivo applications.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Genetic engineering

Background:

  • Gene identification is crucial for understanding disease pathogenesis.
  • Gene therapy aims to interfere with or replace faulty genes in somatic cells.
  • Advances in molecular biology enable gene transfer technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review gene transfer methods for therapeutic applications.
  • To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various viral and physical vectors.
  • To highlight the challenges and possibilities of in vivo gene delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Gene insertion into recipient cells using viral vectors (retroviral, lentiviral, adenoviral) or physical methods.
  • Inhibition of gene transcription using antisense oligonucleotides.

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Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

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  • In vitro and in vivo gene transfer approaches.

    • Main Results:

    • Viral vectors like retroviruses efficiently transfect proliferating cells, useful for targeting tumor cells.
    • Lentiviruses and adenoviruses offer broader targeting, including non-proliferating cells.
    • In vivo gene delivery faces limitations in selectivity and targeting.

    Conclusions:

    • Selection of appropriate vectors is critical for successful gene therapy.
    • Targeting both proliferating and quiescent cells is achievable with advanced vectors.
    • Further improvements in vector selectivity and targeting are needed for effective in vivo gene therapy.