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Related Concept Videos

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Transduction01:16

Transduction

Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome are...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
18:48

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

Published on: August 12, 2017

Beyond transitional selection: New roles for BLyS in peripheral tolerance.

Michael A Oropallo1, Kerstin Kiefer, Ann Marshak-Rothstein

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082.

Drug Development Research
|February 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

B cell survival factor BLyS (B-lymphocyte stimulator) is crucial for maintaining self-tolerance by eliminating autoreactive B cells. Understanding BLyS and Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways is key for autoimmune disease therapies.

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Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry
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Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry

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In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
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In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

Published on: August 12, 2017

Preparation of Single-Cell Suspension of Mouse Thymic Epithelial Cells and Staining of Intracellular Molecules for Flow Cytometric Analysis
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Preparation of Single-Cell Suspension of Mouse Thymic Epithelial Cells and Staining of Intracellular Molecules for Flow Cytometric Analysis

Published on: July 26, 2024

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry
14:29

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry

Published on: October 8, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmunity
  • B cell biology

Background:

  • B cell targeted therapies show promise for autoimmune diseases.
  • Belimumab, a BLyS inhibitor, is approved for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
  • The role of BLyS in B cell tolerance requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of BLyS in B cell tolerance.
  • To examine BLyS's function in negative selection and peripheral B cell responses.
  • To explore the interplay between BLyS and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of B cell tolerance mechanisms.
  • Analysis of BLyS function in B cell development and regulation.
  • Examination of TLRs' role in humoral autoimmunity.

Main Results:

  • BLyS is integral to the negative selection of autoreactive B cells.
  • BLyS regulates both germinal center and extrafollicular B cell responses.
  • Potential crosstalk exists between BLyS and TLR signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

  • BLyS plays a multifaceted role in maintaining B cell tolerance.
  • Targeting BLyS and understanding TLR interactions may offer new therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases.