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Related Concept Videos

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

Signal Transduction: Overview

Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Multiplex Cytokine Profiling of Stimulated Mouse Splenocytes Using a Cytometric Bead-based Immunoassay Platform
11:00

Multiplex Cytokine Profiling of Stimulated Mouse Splenocytes Using a Cytometric Bead-based Immunoassay Platform

Published on: November 9, 2017

Hitting a complex target: an update on interleukin-6 trans-signalling.

Georg H Waetzig1, Stefan Rose-John

  • 1Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel, Germany.

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets
|February 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Selective inhibition of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) trans-signalling offers a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammation and cancer. The novel sgp130Fc inhibitor targets this pathway, potentially improving efficacy and reducing side effects compared to complete IL-6 inhibition.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Multiplex Cytokine Profiling of Stimulated Mouse Splenocytes Using a Cytometric Bead-based Immunoassay Platform
11:00

Multiplex Cytokine Profiling of Stimulated Mouse Splenocytes Using a Cytometric Bead-based Immunoassay Platform

Published on: November 9, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a critical mediator in inflammation and cancer.
  • Selective inhibition of IL-6 trans-signalling may offer superior therapeutic benefits over complete IL-6 inhibition.
  • Distinguishing between IL-6 classic signalling and trans-signalling pathways is crucial for targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in IL-6 signalling inhibition.
  • To highlight mechanistic differences between IL-6 classic and trans-signalling pathways.
  • To discuss the therapeutic implications of selective IL-6 trans-signalling inhibition.

Main Methods:

  • Review of animal studies on IL-6 inhibitors.
  • Analysis of mechanistic differences between IL-6 signalling pathways.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic strategies targeting IL-6 pathways.

Main Results:

  • Blocking IL-6 trans-signalling via soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) is sufficient for treating IL-6-driven diseases.
  • Complete IL-6 inhibition carries risks due to essential physiological functions of the classic pathway.
  • The fusion protein sgp130Fc selectively inhibits IL-6 trans-signalling.

Conclusions:

  • Future therapies require precise characterization of IL-6 pathways involved in disease.
  • The sgp130Fc inhibitor demonstrates potential for a distinct clinical profile.
  • Selective IL-6 trans-signalling inhibition represents a promising therapeutic avenue.