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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
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Innate immune dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease.

M Gersemann1, J Wehkamp, E F Stange

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine I, Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart.

Journal of Internal Medicine
|February 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Defects in the innate intestinal immune system contribute to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Future treatments may focus on enhancing the gut barrier and innate immunity rather than suppressing inflammation.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), involves complex pathogenetic mechanisms.
  • Growing evidence implicates defects in innate immunity and the intestinal epithelial barrier in IBD development.
  • Luminal microbes play a significant role in the pathogenesis of CD and UC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of innate immunity defects in the pathogenesis of CD and UC.
  • To elucidate the specific alterations in the intestinal barrier function in different types of IBD.
  • To explore potential future therapeutic strategies targeting the innate immune system.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of antimicrobial peptide (defensin) expression in ileal and colonic tissues.
  • Investigation of Paneth cell function in ileal CD.
  • Assessment of beta-defensin expression and related factors (e.g., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, HBD2 gene copy number) in colonic CD.
  • Evaluation of mucus layer integrity and goblet cell differentiation in UC.

Main Results:

  • Alpha-defensins are deficient in ileal CD due to Paneth cell defects.
  • Beta-defensin expression is inadequate in colonic CD, potentially linked to PPAR-gamma downregulation and reduced HBD2 gene copy number.
  • The mucus layer is defective in UC, associated with impaired goblet cell differentiation.
  • These gut barrier disturbances favor bacterial over host defense.

Conclusions:

  • Defects in the innate intestinal immune barrier are central to the pathogenesis of both CD and UC.
  • Current treatments focus on suppressing inflammation, but future therapies could stimulate the innate immune system.
  • Restoring or enhancing innate intestinal immunity presents a promising avenue for IBD treatment.