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Related Concept Videos

What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

Overview
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Assays for the Identification of Novel Antivirals against Bluetongue Virus
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Assays for the Identification of Novel Antivirals against Bluetongue Virus

Published on: October 11, 2013

GB virus C: the good boy virus?

Nirjal Bhattarai1, Jack T Stapleton

  • 1Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.

Trends in Microbiology
|February 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

GB virus C (GBV-C) infection may improve survival in individuals with HIV. This virus impacts T cell responses, potentially inhibiting HIV replication and enhancing clinical outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • GB virus C (GBV-C), a lymphotropic virus related to Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), was discovered in 1995.
  • While not linked to specific diseases, persistent GBV-C infection shows a correlation with improved survival in HIV-positive individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms by which GBV-C may interfere with HIV.
  • To identify research needs for leveraging the epidemiological observation of GBV-C's impact on HIV.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing epidemiological and in vitro studies.
  • Analysis of GBV-C's effects on T cell homeostasis and HIV replication.

Main Results:

  • GBV-C infection modulates T cell homeostasis via chemokine/cytokine alterations and impacts T cell activation, proliferation, and apoptosis.

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Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes
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Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

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Assays for the Identification of Novel Antivirals against Bluetongue Virus

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Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

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Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes
08:56

Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes

Published on: July 27, 2018

  • In vitro studies demonstrate that GBV-C has an anti-HIV replication effect.

    • Conclusions:

    • GBV-C influences T cell responses in ways that may contribute to better HIV clinical outcomes.
    • Further research is needed to understand and potentially utilize GBV-C's anti-HIV properties.