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Related Concept Videos

Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

Articulations of the Vertebral Column

In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Somatic Spinal Reflexes01:22

Somatic Spinal Reflexes

Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
Torsion of Noncircular Members01:16

Torsion of Noncircular Members

Circular shafts undergoing torsional stress maintain their cross-sectional integrity due to their axisymmetric nature. This symmetry ensures an even distribution of stress, allowing the shaft to withstand torsion without distorting. In contrast, square bars, lacking this axial symmetry, experience significant distortion across their cross-sections when subjected to torsion, with the exception of along their diagonals and at lines connecting midpoints. A detailed examination of a cubic element...
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...

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Understanding the foot's functional anatomy in physiological and pathological conditions: the calcaneopedal unit concept.

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Closed reduction in late-detected developmental dysplasia of the hip: indications, results and complications.

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Anterior and lateral overcoverage after triple pelvic osteotomy in childhood for developmental dislocation of the hip with acetabular dysplasia: Frequency, features, and medium-term clinical impact.

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Lower-limb lengths and angles in children older than six years: Reliability and reference values by EOS<sup>®</sup> stereoradiography.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Assessment of the Efficacy of An Osteopathic Treatment in Infants with Biomechanical Impairments to Suckling
07:11

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Published on: February 5, 2019

[Congenital torticollis].

P Wicart1

  • 1Université Paris Descartes, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, rue de Sèvres, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris cedex 15, France. p.wicart@nck.aphp.fr

Archives De Pediatrie : Organe Officiel De La Societe Francaise De Pediatrie
|February 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Congenital torticollis, a common neck deformity, usually resolves by age one. Ruling out other conditions and screening for hip dislocation are crucial steps in managing this condition.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Orthopedics
  • Developmental Biology

Context:

  • Congenital torticollis is a frequent postural deformity in infants.
  • It involves sternocleidomastoid muscle tightness, leading to head tilt.
  • This condition often requires careful differential diagnosis and monitoring.

Purpose:

  • To outline the typical presentation and management of congenital torticollis.
  • To emphasize the importance of excluding other potential causes.
  • To highlight the need for screening associated conditions like hip dysplasia.

Summary:

  • Congenital torticollis, characterized by sternocleidomastoid muscle retraction, typically resolves spontaneously before one year of age.
  • Key management involves parental guidance and eliminating differential diagnoses such as vertebral, neurological, ocular, or tumor-related issues.

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  • Mandatory screening for congenital hip dislocation is advised due to shared pathophysiology. Persistent cases beyond 18 months may warrant sternocleidomastoid muscle lengthening.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a concise overview for healthcare providers managing infants with torticollis.
    • Underscores the significance of early diagnosis and appropriate screening protocols.
    • Contributes to improved patient outcomes by guiding timely interventions.