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Related Concept Videos

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes
08:49

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes

Published on: March 14, 2021

Genetically encoded probes for phosphatidic acid.

Nawal Kassas1, Petra Tryoen-Tóth, Matthias Corrotte

  • 1Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR3212, Strasbourg, France.

Methods in Cell Biology
|February 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed GFP-tagged biosensors to visualize phosphatidic acid (PA) synthesis in cells. These probes revealed differential PA distribution, highlighting the need for diverse tools to study this crucial signaling lipid.

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Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
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Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes

Published on: October 15, 2016

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes
08:49

Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Exchange Between Membranes

Published on: March 14, 2021

Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation
10:52

Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation

Published on: January 6, 2016

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
07:26

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes

Published on: October 15, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Lipid Signaling
  • Molecular Imaging

Background:

  • Lipids are crucial for cellular structure and function, including signaling.
  • Phosphatidic acid (PA) is an emerging bioactive lipid signaling molecule.
  • Understanding PA's spatiotemporal distribution is key to its cellular roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate novel biosensors for visualizing cellular phosphatidic acid (PA).
  • To investigate the synthesis and distribution of PA in living cells using these probes.
  • To assess the specificity and utility of PA-binding domain-based biosensors.

Main Methods:

  • Generation and purification of GST-fusion proteins of PA-binding domains (Spo20p, Raf1) fused to GFP.
  • Validation of probe specificity using phospholipid strips.
  • Visualization of PA synthesis in PC12 and RAW 267.4 cells using GFP-tagged probes.

Main Results:

  • Developed GFP-tagged biosensors capable of binding phosphatidic acid (PA).
  • Validated probe specificity for PA using phospholipid arrays.
  • Observed differential distribution of PA signals in PC12 and RAW 267.4 cells using the two probes.
  • Indicated potential differences in probe affinity or recognition of distinct PA pools.

Conclusions:

  • GFP-tagged biosensors provide a means to visualize PA synthesis in living cells.
  • The differential probe distribution suggests complex PA dynamics and localization.
  • Development of a wider array of PA probes is necessary for comprehensive analysis across cell types.