Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Communication01:28

Communication

Sharing information, concepts, and emotions to foster mutual understanding is communication. The sender, recipient, and transaction must be considered in this manner. The sender is the person who shares the message, the recipient is the person who receives and understands the message, and the transaction is the method used to deliver the message and the variables that affect the communication's context and surroundings. The nurse-client connection is built on therapeutic communication.
Within...
Communication01:03

Communication

Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.
What are Second Messengers?01:12

What are Second Messengers?

Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...
Leaving Groups02:14

Leaving Groups

The nature of leaving groups strongly influences the outcome of a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
In general, in a nucleophilic substitution reaction, a nucleophile displaces a functional group, called the leaving group, from the substrate to give a substituted product. A leaving group departs the substrate molecule through heterolytic cleavage, taking the pair of electrons with it to become a relatively stable weak base in the form of an anion or a neutral molecule.  
In a nucleophilic...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Task Shifting in a Public Hospital Rhinology Clinic: A Nurse-Led Assessment Process.

Creative nursing·2026
Same author

Social Vulnerability and Out-of-Hospital Identification of Neurologic Emergencies.

Annals of emergency medicine·2026
Same author

Mutational scanning reveals oncogenic CTNNB1 mutations have diverse effects on signaling.

Nature genetics·2026
Same author

Tissue-specific consequences of tag fusions on protein expression in transgenic mice.

PLoS genetics·2025
Same author

Dispatch Decisions and Emergency Medical Services Response in the Prehospital Care of Status Epilepticus.

The western journal of emergency medicine·2025
Same author

Housing Status and Healthcare Utilization in People Presenting With Seizure.

The Neurohospitalist·2025
Same journal

Combined T-DNA and CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis reveals redundant developmental roles of the Arabidopsis BAG family.

Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology·2026
Same journal

Systemic metabolic reprogramming underlies cold stratification-induced seed dormancy release in Cercis chinensis revealed by integrated physiological and multi-omics analyses.

Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology·2026
Same journal

Genome-wide characterization of phytosulfokine (PSK) genes in Populus trichocarpa reveals the roles of PtrPSK7/8 in root development.

Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology·2026
Same journal

OsGAPC3 modulates starch synthesis and grain chalkiness by integrating glycolysis and transcriptional regulation in rice.

Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology·2026
Same journal

A comprehensive proteomics and phosphorylation analysis reveals the negative role of VaVIP1 in cold tolerance in grapevine.

Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology·2026
Same journal

CvbZIP81 contributes to selenium accumulation by regulating sulfate transports in Cardamine violifolia.

Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Loneliness Assuaged: Eye-Tracking an Audience Watching Barrage Videos
06:45

Loneliness Assuaged: Eye-Tracking an Audience Watching Barrage Videos

Published on: May 29, 2020

Where has all the message gone?

Eric Davies1, Bratislav Stankovic, Alain Vian

  • 1Department of Plant Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.

Plant Science : an International Journal of Experimental Plant Biology
|February 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional non-polysomal messenger RNA (mRNA) exists in normal tissues and can be re-utilized after leaving polysomes. Analyzing total mRNA, not just polysomal mRNA, is crucial for accurate biological interpretation.

More Related Videos

Examination of Synaptic Vesicle Recycling Using FM Dyes During Evoked, Spontaneous, and Miniature Synaptic Activities
08:10

Examination of Synaptic Vesicle Recycling Using FM Dyes During Evoked, Spontaneous, and Miniature Synaptic Activities

Published on: March 31, 2014

Monitoring Immune Cells Trafficking Fluorescent Prion Rods Hours after Intraperitoneal Infection
09:22

Monitoring Immune Cells Trafficking Fluorescent Prion Rods Hours after Intraperitoneal Infection

Published on: November 19, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Loneliness Assuaged: Eye-Tracking an Audience Watching Barrage Videos
06:45

Loneliness Assuaged: Eye-Tracking an Audience Watching Barrage Videos

Published on: May 29, 2020

Examination of Synaptic Vesicle Recycling Using FM Dyes During Evoked, Spontaneous, and Miniature Synaptic Activities
08:10

Examination of Synaptic Vesicle Recycling Using FM Dyes During Evoked, Spontaneous, and Miniature Synaptic Activities

Published on: March 31, 2014

Monitoring Immune Cells Trafficking Fluorescent Prion Rods Hours after Intraperitoneal Infection
09:22

Monitoring Immune Cells Trafficking Fluorescent Prion Rods Hours after Intraperitoneal Infection

Published on: November 19, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Historically, research often equates total mRNA with polysomal mRNA, assuming translation occurs if mRNA is present.
  • Previous studies have largely focused on total mRNA, overlooking the distinct behaviors and functions of polysomal mRNA.
  • The roles of various ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles like prosomes and informosomes in mRNA regulation remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of polysomal mRNA analysis over total mRNA.
  • To emphasize that non-polysomal mRNA in normal tissues is functional and can be re-utilized.
  • To challenge the assumption that all polysomes are equivalent and that mRNA presence guarantees translation.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of polysomal RNA and total mRNA in various normal tissues.
  • Review of existing literature on mRNA metabolism, RNP particles, and polysome dynamics.
  • Examination of a yeast model detailing polysomal mRNA fate after translation.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences observed in the polysomal association of various mRNA transcripts in normal tissues.
  • Identification of functional non-polysomal mRNA in normal tissues, distinct from stored or maternal mRNA.
  • Demonstration that mRNA exiting polysomes is not always degraded but can be re-utilized.
  • Evidence that mRNA association with different polysome classes influences subcellular localization and translational efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Analyzing polysomal mRNA provides a more accurate view of active translation than total mRNA analysis.
  • Functional non-polysomal mRNA exists in normal tissues and plays a role in gene expression regulation.
  • The fate of mRNA post-polysomal release is diverse, including re-utilization, and not solely degradation.
  • Understanding polysome heterogeneity is critical for accurate interpretation of mRNA function and regulation.