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The Simon effect modulates N2cc and LRP but not the N2pc component.

J Cespón1, S Galdo-Álvarez, F Díaz

  • 1Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva Aplicada, Facultade de Psicoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galiza, Spain. jesus.cespon@usc.es

International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology
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The Simon task reveals how the brain processes conflicting information. This study shows the N2cc component, crucial for ignoring stimulus position, is modulated by task difficulty, unlike the N2pc component.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Human Motor Control

Background:

  • The Simon task, a cognitive paradigm, typically elicits event-related potentials like the LRP, N2pc, and N2cc.
  • The N2cc component is implicated in inhibiting responses based on stimulus location, but its modulation in the Simon task remains under-investigated due to overlapping neural signals with LRP.
  • Understanding N2cc modulation is crucial for deciphering response inhibition mechanisms in conflict monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the Simon effect influences the N2pc, N2cc, and LRP components.
  • To explore the role of N2cc in response selection and inhibition under varying spatial conflict conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a Simon task, responding to arrow color while ignoring spatial location.
  • Three conditions were analyzed: compatible position (CP), incompatible position (IP), and neutral position (NP).
  • Electrophysiological data were analyzed using LRP peak latency, L-NP subtractions for N2cc/N2pc isolation, and eLORETA for source localization.

Main Results:

  • LRP peak latency was significantly delayed in the IP condition compared to CP and NP.
  • N2cc amplitude, isolated via L-NP subtraction, was larger in IP than CP, suggesting increased monitoring effort.
  • eLORETA identified greater premotor activity in IP and CP conditions (150-200 ms), linked to N2cc, indicating enhanced conflict processing.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides evidence for functional dissociation between N2pc and N2cc components.
  • N2cc is sensitive to experimental manipulations in the Simon task, reflecting its role in inhibiting location-based responses.
  • N2pc was not significantly affected by the Simon task conditions, suggesting distinct neural pathways for spatial conflict processing and response selection.